challenges
In India, per capita accessibility of freshwater is decreasing at a very fast rate. During the last few decades, India experiencing water scarcity, apart from the scarcity of freshwater the quality of the available freshwater are also deteriorating due to pollution, hence intensifying the shortage. Against the backdrop, the lack of wastewater management continues to be a huge challenge.
Due to rapid urbanization, human activities have had a significant impact on the ecological environment. Owing to the huge discharge of municipal wastewater and urban drainage into river basins, the effect is more pronounced in the water quality in these areas. This in turn affects the aquatic lives and agriculture, and hence the humans who reside in these areas.
The high average annual range in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total coliform (TC) and low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels reported in the Holy rivers are mainly due to the huge discharge of municipal wastewater and urban drainage into river basins. The impact of population on the ability of water sources to meet the demands placed on them by society is paralleled by the effects of population on the quality of water resources.